Effect of Politics on Airlines and Breweries

Effect of Politics on Airlines and Breweries The Effect of Political Factors on the Airline Industry and the Brewing Industry, 2005 Politics has a huge impact on all businesses, and the range of its influence is broad. Political factors include statutes which may be implemented because of a UK governmental decision or a decision in Europe, or by the UK being a signatory to an international agreement. Other legislation arises in response to issues such as terrorist threats. Other political influences include trade agreements, restrictions and opportunities arising from foreign governments’ policies or opposition groups in the form of political parties or pressure groups formed by the public to address specific issues, who may challenge, delay or obstruct government plans. This essay looks at the impact of recent political factors on the airline and brewing industries. The Airline Industry In a speech delivered in June 2005, Derek Twigg, the Transport Minister outlined progress on the Aviation White Paper. He recognised issues with capacity, particularly with recent increases in demand for low-cost flights (Twigg 2005). A fifth terminal at Heathrow Airport is being constructed, and additional runways are planned at Stansted and Heathrow. However, there is opposition, focused on noise pollution, fuel pollution, the strain on roads and rail links to airports, and the destruction of countryside to accommodate airport expansion. The government’s pursuit of its policies depends, stated Twigg, on the ability to meet strict environmental standards, and airlines’ increased expansion depends on successful implementation of these policies. Energy Policy The UK government has secured a commitment from airlines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, but this will require investment from the airlines. The industry must strike a balance, spending on initiatives to become more ‘green’ in return for an infrastructure development policy from the government. Terrorism The 9/11 terrorist attack on the US had immediate consequences, with a drop in demand. This has had particular impact in the US, where a number of airlines have survived only because of Chapter 11 of US bankruptcy laws, which allows continued trading with protection from creditors until profitability is achieved. United Airlines has been operating under Chapter 11 for 3 years. Delta and Northwest are entering Chapter 11, and will probably follow a similar policy to United, focusing on international flights and disposing of smaller planes used for domestic flights (Field 2005). They will therefore continue to compete in the international market with protection: UK airlines would probably be forced out of business if they were to find themselves in a similar position. US anti-terror legislation requires foreign operators to undergo an audit by the Federal Aviation Administration, and to have a Part 129 Licence. Demand for transatlantic charters has been difficult to meet at times, due to many carriers not having the necessary authorisation (Wastnage 2005). Meeting new legislative demands has an economic effect on businesses due to the additional financial and human resources required. Terrorist attacks in holiday resorts are considered by many to be a response to foreign policy, particularly that of the UK and US. Consumer response is to book a holiday in an area considered safe, rather than to forego the holiday altogether, suggesting that airlines carrying holidaymakers should consider a portfolio of varied destinations. The instability of the market due to international politics has encouraged some airlines to carry out work through contractors (for example, Air Atlanta), who will provide aircraft and crew without the demand for the level of commitment required with an airline’s own staff and aircraft investment. The Influence of Europe The UK is required to adhere to European laws which may affect airlines. For example, UK legislation is being broadened to encompass an EC directive on Age Discrimination. From October 2006, one of its effects will be to outlaw forced retirement before age 65 unless it can be justified (www.agepositive.gov.uk). Current practice at British Airways is to retire pilots at 55: as many transfer to other airlines, it would appear unjustified. Salaries are much higher for pilots with long service at BA and the effect of having to keep them rather than employing cheaper new pilots could affect profits. Iraq War The Iraq war has impacted on oil prices. It has been argued that the agenda behind the US/UK decision to go to war was oil-influenced, with the US increasingly reliant on Gulf oil and hence having a particular interest in control of oilfields in the region (Cable 2003). Airlines are particularly sensitive to changes in oil prices due to their large amount of fuel consumption, and all airlines have recently had to choose between reflecting rising fuel costs in ticket prices or accepting reduced profits. Global Change The ‘BRIC’ nations – Brazil, Russia, India and China – are set to become more economically influential in coming decades. China has recently removed the barriers to private airline companies. Domestic flights in China have increased by 20% over a year, which equates to 17,000 extra flights per month (Brown 2005), as planes replace trains as the preferred method of domestic transport. This generates business for aeroplane manufacturers but places additional demands on the world oil supply. It is also part of a larger trend of China engaging more with the global economy, with the consequence of boosting wealth and consumption among its population. The Brewing Industry Environmental Issues Brewing, as with airlines, is affected by green issues. In July 2005, the British Beer and Pub Association reported a continuing fall in the energy used to produce a pint of beer to achieve double the industry’s target, reducing CO2 emissions by 13.9% (www.beerandpub.com, press release 16/2005). Although reducing emissions requires investment, meeting targets qualifies the industry for a rebate on the Climate Change Levy. Changes in Student Funding The student market is important to the brewing industry. Changes to student finances over the last 15 years have seen a switch from non-repayable grants to repayable loans to support study, with tuition fees added to student costs. This has not reduced student spending as might be expected. The average student spends  £7000 per year and 70% of students have part-time jobs (Turner 2005). Debt is accepted as the norm to meet study and living costs, with a wide range of lending sources available. Money for drinking is hence readily available, and Reachstudents, an independent marketing consultancy, claims that 29% of student spending is on entertainment (www.reachstudents.co.uk), including drinking. Extension of Licensing Hours The UK Government has proposed extended licensing hours in England and Wales: however, legislation is being opposed by the Conservatives and LibDems as well as medical bodies and organisations working to reduce alcohol problems. Implementation in November is threatened which could affect permissions granted for Christmas and New Year and reduce takings during the most profitable trading period of the year (Wintour 2005). Smoking Ban Initial plans to implement a smoking ban only in pubs where food is served have been changed in favour of an outright ban on smoking in all pubs (e.g. Carr-Brown 2005). Spirit is the UK’s largest pub chain and owns brands including Chef and Brewer. It suggests a gradual transition to pubs becoming non-smoking, anticipating that an immediate implementation could result in 5000 pub closures and 75,000 job losses across all pub companies. The chain JD Wetherspoon has already begun introducing a complete ban on smoking in a number of its pubs. However, it has recently reported a 4% drop in profits, with an even higher figure of 7% among its non-smoking pubs (Anon 2005). Binge drinking Binge drinking is somewhat double-edged for the brewing industry. On the surface, the increase in drinking to excess would appear to bode well for brewing industry profits. However, drinking large volumes often takes place in conjunction with drinks promotions, where lower prices mean a higher quantity must be consumed to give the same profit. JD Wetherspoon, responding to a recent drop in profits, suggested that the proliferation of binge drinking was keeping many consumers away from town centres and pubs (Anon 2005). Government policy on binge drinking has been criticised for its reluctance to take more extreme measures (e.g Plant 2004): however, there is pressure on the government to take steps to tackle binge drinking and the consequences for the brewing industry are uncertain. Could it open up a more profitable market by creating a more pleasant drinking atmosphere, encouraging more people to drink moderately? Or could the amount drunk in the UK drop significantly, or measures be too little to impact on the current situation? Fuel Prices The brewing industry is affected by the increase in fuel prices caused in part by the Iraq conflict, discussed previously. Transport and distribution costs have been increased by the rise in fuel costs, and consumer spending is also impacted by increased petrol and diesel costs reducing disposable income. While world oil prices affect fuel costs to some extent, a far greater proportion of the cost of a litre of petrol or diesel is the tax – both fuel duty and VAT – which are set by the Chancellor: domestic policy is having more effect than global oil price trends. Conclusion From the above, it can be seen that politics both in the UK and around the world impact on the airline and brewing industries in many different ways. While the industries can have some impact through lobbying the government, or by encouraging public support for industry-friendly policies, a significant proportion of political influences cannot be impacted by the industry, and potential threats and opportunities must therefore be addressed in each organisation’s business strategy. Bibliography Anon (2005) Wetherspoon presses on with no-smoking pubs (Press Association) in The Guardian September 3 2005 Brown C (2005) Air travel recovers to spread its wings above 9/11 clouds in The Scotsman 11 April 2005 Cable V (2003) Saddam’s other weapon of mass destruction: the potential economic fallout from a war in Iraq (from January 2003 lecture) www.lse.ac.uk/collections/globalDimensions/research/vcable.htm Cambridge Marketing College (1999) Marketing Operations (BPP Publishing, UK) Carr-Brown J (2005) Total ban on smoking in pubs and clubs a step nearer in The Sunday Times, 9 October 2005 Diageo plc (2005) Press release 1 September 2005: Preliminary results for the year ended 30 June 2005 at www.diageo.co.uk Field D (2005) Delta and Northwest shelter from creditors in Flight International 20-26 September 2005 (Reed Businss Information, UK) p10 Hall W (2005) British Drinking: A Suitable Case for Treatment? Editorial in The British Medical Journal2005;331:527-528(10September) Meikle J (2005) Pub firm changes tack on smoking ban in The Guardian September 5 2005 Plant M (2004) The alcohol harm reduction strategy for England in British Medical Journal 328 pp905-6 (17th April 2004) Turner S (2005) Drink in the Atmosphere in The Guardian, July 12 2005 Twigg (2005) Speech on UK government aviation policy, 28 June, by Derek Twigg, Transport Minister www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_aviation/documents/page/dft_aviation_038580.hcsp Wastnage J (2005) Brokers split on effects of tighter US security in Flight International 13-19 September 2005 (Reed Businss Information, UK) p35 Wintour P (2005) Minister cites support of police chiefs to head off licensing rebellion in The Guardian October 11 2005 Websites Brewers continue to lead battle on emissions British Beer and Pub Association 28 July 2005 Download Ref: 16/2005 www.beerandpub.com/download.asp?id_Doc=2121 www.agepositive.gov.uk (Government website devoted to Age Discrimination Legislation issues). www.reachstudents.co.uk Student statistics and profile

Conversations inside the Third Culture :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Big Questions: Conversations inside the Third Culture In 1961, C P Snow introduced the idea of the "two cultures", the scientists and the literati, divided by a lack of communication that had been crystallized through academic specialization (1). Thirty years later, John Brockman unveiled the Third Culture as the new face of intellectual life, consisting of scientific thinkers who had ousted the traditional literary scholars in "rendering visible the deeper meanings of our lives, redefining who and what we are" (2). He has been criticized for his fragmented vision of intellectual culture, which affords no place to non-scientists in spite of the apparent inability of science to provide answers to the "big questions" that we ask (3). But are we defining these particular questions in a way that excludes science? If these are issues of truly universal significance, then no single discipline can claim monopoly over their interpretation: answers must draw from broader horizons. The scientific optimism of which Brockman boasts has been approached with much cynicism by humanist scholars. Much discomfort arises not from scientists' claims to general truths about the world, but from the assertion of many scientists that their work stops at the process of discovery: science has nothing to do with how politicians choose to apply their ideas (4). Humphrey (5) points out that it is a great cause of anxiety when those who generate knowledge disclaim all responsibility for how that knowledge is put to use, whether in the form of eugenics in the past, weapons of mass destruction in the present, or even possibly thought control in the future (5). Appleyard recognizes that science aspires to be a value-free pursuit of knowledge, but also that such pursuits are inevitably conducted in a value-laden world (4). If scientists refuse any role in shaping these values, then it is for the humanities and social sciences to help us understand the significance of scientific progress (6), whether it is through the way in which we define life, when confronted by abortion and cloning, or how increasingly closely-integrated communication networks have transformed human relations across the expanse of space and time. In this respect, Brockman's scientifically imperialistic conception of intellectual culture lacks the "questions of subjective, of spiritual and of social values" (3) that must lie at its heart.

The individual, social, economic, legal or political factors

The war in Bosnia and the mines planted in some parts of Bosnia might also have impact on Ado current circumstances. In Bosnia during the war some mines were planted by people when they were running away from the war. This makes people to go only in areas where the mines have been cleared and to keep away from area the areas where the mines are still planted. (wikitravel 2008) This factor might be influencing Ado to move because of the danger associated with The landmines planted in some parts and the war in Bosnia.†¢ The wages given to Ado might also hinder his current circumstances. The wages might be too small to sustain his needs and the needs of his family, so by moving to Brisbane hotel in Australia he might get a better pay than what he is getting now. †¢ Ado might be interested in fulfilling his dream of working for the Brisbane Hotels given that they are one of the biggest five star hotels in the world, so that dream might be a driving force for him to move to Bris bane hotels.†¢ The â€Å"political temperature† in Australia (where Brisbane hotel are located) might be conducive compared to the one of Bosnia, this might also drive Ado to move away from Bosnia, because where the â€Å"political temperature† is cool business do thrive, hence the income of Ado is likely to increase because Brisbane hotel is located where the â€Å"political temperature† is cool, there is that strong belief that they are paying well compared to where Ado was previously working at in Bosnia.†¢ With war come insecurity, Ado might also be affected by the insecurity situation in Bosnia; this might make him to want to move away from Bosnia so that he can go to Brisbane hotels in Australia where the security is serene. †¢ Religion may also be a factor given that in Bosnia population Orthodox are 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, Muslim 44% while others are 6%, while in Australia over 70% are Christians, maybe Ado is a Christian a nd he doesn’t enjoying putting up in an area dominated by Muslims. 2.Strategies to use to help save Ado †¢ Ado will be helped in shipping his goods and other household items from Bosnia to Australia. †¢ I will enroll Ado for a cultural orientation program; this will benefit him because it will help him to make adjustment to the Australian culture. This will include habits of eating, eating joint, food eaten, understanding the local currency, his interaction with the other employees, among others. This will make Ado to familiarize himself with the culture and custom for the success of the Brisbane hotel.(Jossy. 1998) †¢ I will help him get a good school for his children. †¢ Ado, his family and his entire house hold will be insured just like other employees of Brisbane hotel, labor laws for foreigners working in Australia will have to be adhered with. †¢ Ado together with his family will be entitled to a return ticket to Bosnia once every year. †¢ I will take him through an orientation within the Brisbane hotel until he is familiar with the hotel operations †¢ I will show Ado some joints where Bosnians do meet.This will make him to be meeting his fellow Bosnians so as to make him not to fill home sick. †¢ I will take Ado for further induction training in management of hotels in Australia given that the way hotels in Bosnia operate might be slightly different from the way they operate Brisbane hotel in Australia. †¢ I will take Ado around the area so that he gets familiarizes him with the places around the hotel, this will make him not to get lost and probably he will fill at home while working for Brisbane hotel in Australia, which is far away from home.†¢ Ado will be entitled to a one month paid leave. †¢ I will also encourage him to enroll in English language classes so that he can know how to speak in English. 3. Productivity will be increased in the following ways: †¢ Given that Ado now knows English he will be communicating efficiently with the other staff, because he will be able to lead his junior efficiently. †¢ Productivity will also be increased because Ado will come with some new idea from restaurants in Bosnia which might not be in Brisbane in Australia.†¢ Productivity will be enhanced because the entire staff will be effective because of lack of communication barrier or cultural ignorance between Ado and the other people working for Brisbane Hotel. †¢ Productivity will also increase because Ado would have known Brisbane hotels environment well so he wont waste time looking up for places. †¢ Productivity will also increase because Ado will not be Home sick as such, because he will be meeting his fellow Bosnians in those places where I would have shown him. Lack of home sickness will make him concentrate fully at work.This will increase his productivity at Brisbane hotel. †¢ Ado will have familiarized himself with the culture and customs of the communities in which the hotel is situated this will make him fill part and parcel of the community, hence psychologically he will have settled. This will make him work efficiently hence increasing the production. †¢ Given that Ado will be given a month paid leave, it will give him the morale to work efficiently this will result in increase in productivity of Braisen Hotel in Australia.†¢ Given that Ado his insured he will have courage to work in odd places in order to keep the production going on efficiently. Reference Balderngen, l. (2002) new complete Executive manners. Gianneto, D. (2002) The Performance grid, Netscape press Himmelweit, S, . Simonetti, R. Trigg, A. , Microeconomics (2001) Cengage learning EMEA Window. C, employee in a new working environment, the journal of philosophy of Employees volume 12 page 21

Crossword Bookstores - a Retail Analysis - 1889 Words

Retail Management: Crossword This report covers branding as personification, differentiation and identification of Crossword as a book store. The report also talks of comparative study with the competition. Submitted by: Aashish Dua 076B Akshata Bhat 006A Apoorva Sharma 011A Ishan Kaul 022A Pulak Narain 042A Shaunak Mukherjee 129B Retail Management 1. Background of the retail stores a. CROSSWORD Crossword, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shoppers Stop Limited, is the largest bookstore chain in India. Presently,†¦show more content†¦Landmark has always been a very technologically advanced venture, and it had a tie up with Sify way back in the year 2000 for its inventory management. This slowly culminated into OMS, the Order Management System, a centralized inventory management system that keeps track of books available across all stores. This comes in handy when they have to deliver a certain customer’s demand for a book at a short notice. That particular book can be delivered at any Landmark store across the country in a maximum of 7 days. In this and many other ways Landmark has been a pioneer of trends in the industry. ------------------------------------------------- 2. Branding as identification: A comparative study Crossword | Landmark | Deutsche Bank Landmark Credit Card – A direct connect with the upwardly mobile segment | Crossword aims to be a point of cultural and social interaction where authors and poets hold court, where children are regaled, where people gravitate to be informed, to be entertained, even enlightened. | Looking at airport retailing very seriously for the kind of patrons they have | Facilities like the friendly Return, Exchange amp; Refunds policy, the Cafes within the stores set it as a more casual ambience. | One discount format store in Bangalore which has been discontinued | Dial-a-book, Fax-a-book and Email-a-book enable customers to shop from their homes. | Franchising not a viable option | Works on that franchisee model aiming to provide aShow MoreRelatedShoppersstop3156 Words   |  13 Pageson Shoppers Stop, a leader in the Retail Industry of India and to get the proper essence of the current market scenario. 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The Gilbreths Two prominent followers of Taylor were Frank Gilbreth (1868–1924) and Lillian Gilbreth (1878–1972), who reï ¬ ned Taylor’s analysis of work movements and made many contributions to time-and-motion study.15 Their aims were to (1) break up and analyze every individual action necessary to perform a partic- 26 Jones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management

A Critical Examination of the Sexual Life of Man In...

A Critical Examination of the Sexual Life of Man In Sigmund Freud 1.0 INTRODUCTION It is a word that rings a bell, it penetrates all cultures and overwhelms all humanity. It means many things to many people; to some, it is sacred and should be treated with respect. To others, it is pleasurable and should be lured to without repression; expressed it is worded human sexuality. Reiterating the central place which sexuality occupied in the life of man, Dietrich writers: Sex à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as contrasted with other departments of bodily Experience is essentially deep. Every manifestation of sex produces an effect which transcends the physical sphere and in a fashion quite unlike the other†¦show more content†¦For him then, there is no reason why sexual satisfaction should be repressed because of moral principles since it does not cause pain but pleasure. The acme of his whole doctrine of the libido is that he considered man as a libidinal being. He also conceived the spiritual activities as being rooted in instincts. The gross reduction of man to the instinctive level is precisely the point of concern in this work 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM Within the panorama of rational analysis as well as the biological framework of man and his psychological responsiveness, it is expedient to say without qualms of conscience that man is a sexual being. Therefore the ambiguous interrogative remains: when and how is sexual expression permissible to man? So, contrary to the age-long view that sexuality develops only at puberty, Freud identifies that sexuality has its arche from the earliest days of infancy and only undergoes transformation at puberty. For Freud, man is a being unto sex. All the nature of human activities and desires from cradle to the grave are directly or indirectly traceable to his sexual nature. 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Participatory Democracy The Better of the Two - 2911 Words

Several forms of government have been formed since the development of centralized power. The form of government that has showed the most international growth in the last century is democracy. There are currently over 160 democracies in the world today. These democracies, however, are not complete democracies. They are representative democracies that have been created by the leaders of our predominantly patriarchal international system. Due to this, many citizens of these democracies are considered second class citizens and their views are not heard by their supposedly democratic society. A solution to this problem is participatory democracy. Participatory democracy is better than the existing patriarchal society because it allows the†¦show more content†¦When a patriarchal system is in charge, the abuse of women and minorities rises substantially. This is in direct correlation with the fact that when a certain group of people are in charge, those who are not in charge are va lued as lesser people who do not deserve the same treatment and luxuries as those who are above them. In such a society the progression of the civilization only favors the one group that is in charge, leaving no room for people to work themselves out of the lower classes and into the group in charge. A society where this occurs is prone the internal destruction because it eliminates hope for improvement of oneself and therefore hope of the improvement of the society. As this is a characteristic of patriarchal democracy and not participatory democracy, it is less likely for women and minorities to be abused in a participatory democracy. Women in a patriarchal democracy are often forced into nothing more than a reproductive role. 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Human Resource Management Practice in Banking Sector of Bangladesh free essay sample

Strategic HR practice is always a challenge for any organization to provide a set of service that is able to make the sense in terms of implementing the organization’s strategic plan. Because without proper evaluation of the term, a company may not find out the challenges and the probable scopes of improvement. In today’s business world we cannot avoid the contribution of strategic practice especially in the service sectors like fast growing banking sector. The banking service in the world is growing day by day. Bangladesh, albeit a developing country, is no exception from it. In the recent period of time Human Resource Management (HRM) practices became so familiar and momentous in every business sector of Bangladesh. The success of every organization is coming through the performance of the employees of that organization. The effectiveness of the employee performance is largely depends upon the HR policy and practices. Therefore, the management should consider the magnitude of strategic HRM practices. Keywords : HR practice, Banking sector in Bangladesh. GJMBR Classification : JEL Code: O15 Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:  © 2012 . Sadia Afroj. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNoncommercial 3. 0 Unported License http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3. 0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh organization to provide a set of service that is able to make the sense in terms of implementing the organization’s strategic plan. Because without proper evaluation of the term, a company may not find out the challenges and the probable scopes of improvement. In today’s business world we cannot avoid the contribution of strategic practice especially in the service sectors like fast growing banking sector. The banking service in the world is growing day by day. Bangladesh, albeit a developing country, is no exception from it. In the recent period of time Human Resource Management (HRM) practices became so familiar and momentous in every business sector of Bangladesh. The success of every organization is coming through the performance of the employees of that organization. The effectiveness of the employee performance is largely depends upon the HR policy and practices. Therefore, the management should consider the magnitude of strategic HRM practices. The strategic plan for HR system will give a broad guideline within which the management can make decisions about their human resource. In designing the company’s HR system the HR manager need to understand the nature of the company’s business, their position in the market, moreover the objective and goal so that she or he can design a plan that will perfectly suits to achieve the strategic goal. This study has attempted to have knowledge about strategic HRM practices in the business sector of Bangladesh like the banking sector because it plays a pivotal role to the economic growth of the country Abstract Strategic HR practice is always a challenge for any Keyword : HR practice, Banking sector in Bangladesh. B I. Introduction anking is a powerful medium of socio economic changes in developing countries like Bangladesh. A well organized banking system can play a vital role in the development of the country. Human Resource Management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. Extensive training and culture management programs, individualized reward management systems, as well as a range of employee nvolvement mechanisms, operate towards achieving enhanced employees’ contribution. It is a whole range of notions on management theory, style and practice. In maintaining About : Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. E-mail: [emailprotected] com II. The current trend of HR practice in different banks of Bangladesh In Bangladesh most of the human resource related decisions are mainly taken by the central management. In different branches these decisions are just implemented. In different private banks of the  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research and implementing balance between the employees aspirations and the goals of the bank, the bank must generate the highly effective and efficient Human Resource Management. For the Human Resources Management to contribute to the profitability, quality, and other organizational goals of the bank, it should be 105 able to closely integrate careful planning and decisionmaking. To be able to do this, it must perform various activities such as recruitment, compensation or giving rewards, training or career development, performance appraisal, and health and safety developments. For control and implementation effective strategic planning is required for each sector of banking as it is mere or less service oriented business unit. It is included into the direct management task. In banking these strategic practice includes evaluating the bank’s (business) internal and external situation, properly define the business and developing a mission, translating the mission into the strategic goal as organization’s goal and crafting a final strategy or course of action. Besides practicing HR in different units it is also a mammoth task for the banks to face the central and outer challenges. In different way the HR department sales, finance and manufacture the strategic over time to achieve its ultimate objectives. Monitoring as well as changing the strategy also permits the business to cope up with the current demand. As the unit needs to improve the quality of its different service. Then the HR strategy might be to boost up employee quality consciousness through improved screening and necessary training. In formulating and implementing the HR strategy the business needs to follow the global trend and need to continually improve organizational performance. But HR department also should be careful enough to designing its strategic planning not just to execute. So when planning it the strategic manager must realize where they are now and where needs to go. Volume XII Issue II Version I F ebruary 2012 Sadia Afroj Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh Global Journal of Management and Business Research country it just follows the instruction come from the higher authority. All the banks have their Corporate Head office in Dhaka and most of the strategic decisions are taken from there. For the better understanding of corporate business, continue long term relationship, ensure the desirable growth and fulfill the organizational goal. Strategic HR follows the basic trends in different private banks in Bangladesh as just maintaining the instruction of central authority. In different banks most of the employees agreed with this point that they are satisfies in the nature and trend on practicing strategic HR in different banks. As it is mentioned that most of the decisions are taken in corporate level, but at the time of appointment, that means on the eve of joining in the bank they are introduced with the legislation and different terms 106 conditions of the organization. As a result each and every employee gets a clear view about the ins and outs of their individual course of action. It also discloses the over all picture of the organization-its previous-currentfuture. As it provides an overall idea of presence of HR in the banks it covers almost all the areas. The current HR Strategic practice covers all over the areas like ? Recruitment and firing maintains the correct process or not. ? In case of selection how the employees are treated. ? How they are oriented in new working environment. ? The effectiveness of different benefit and incentive packages. ? Whether the bank properly follow the promotion strategy. ? How effectively the employees handle different complains of the clients. ? Maintenance of different laws, safety act etc. F ebruary 2012 Depending upon the above factors the employees of different banks differs. The banks at the time of appointing new employees normally check their HRIS. As most of the bank always main updated Human Resource Information system, it is so easy for them to find out the empty position, where new employees are required. So there a little bit chance that there is lack of employees in different banks. The vacant situation raises mainly when ? Any employees leave or fired without notice. ? Increase absenteeism because of illness. ? New branches are opened But the above factors don’t have any long-term effect on the performance of a particular branch. Computer based information system and new recruitment immediately remove this short term problem. The corporate branch through effective job analysis mainly handles it. In different banks the employees thought that effective information system as well as prompt decision making deprived the problems which may arrive in employee’s shortage situation. In case of treatment in Bangladeshi banking sector inside job how the management handles their grievances. Whether there remain any unequal treatment among the employees having same quality and competencies. Human Resource division can ensure its smooth and accurate working environment if it can ensure that the employees will provide their label best effort. The employees can follow this way if they are ensured that they have enough mechanism in their hand to protest any kind of unfair practice within the organization as well as in such situation and the management will follow the act properly. The management is able to create enough interest among the employees within the organizational framework of its primary obligation to senior management or immediate higher authority For personnel recruitment and selection these banks follows some standard most of the cases. The practiced format for selection and recruitment is –  ¦ The corporate decide what positions will have to fill and how to fill the immediate as well as future requirements. This total procedure is designed to cover all positions from bottom to top level. As it is an integral part of the bank’s strategic HR and planning process through succession planning the higher authority implement it. The corporate HR department also decides the expansion process of their employment requirement. It detailed how to hire, screen the employees and where to put them.  ¦ The common process of forecasting the personnel need is analyzing trends. The past data and present requirements construct the idea about the trend of employee requirement.  ¦ The higher authority study variations in the bank’s employment level in last few years. Inauguration of Volume XII Issue II Version I As when over all HR situation is evaluated on the basis of the ongoing trend, the employees mainly tried to adjust their own expectation and nature of handling different situation.. To ensure the smooth working environment it is essential for any organization to hire enough employees according to the necessities of each different branch. The employee’s requirements and posting differ because of the following aspects;  ¦  ¦  ¦ If the bank covers so many financial products then it needs more employees The necessities of employees differ on working procedure- automation or manual working process When there remain two or more branches close to each other, normally less employees is required as they have to handle comparatively lesser employees in that case Higher population creates pressure of fast service as well as larger number of employees. Because they need to handle larger customer group.  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh  ¦ new branches and service variations in different banks are the two main key indicators of establishing the trend of personnel requirement. By using the computer based information systemHRIS helps estimate current and future employees requirement. This information system also figures the average employee demand the transferring from one branch to another the demand is fulfilled some times. Normally internal recruitment/selection follows the above strategies. Most of the cases this strategy is taken for the key positions of the bank. Whether any employee is newly recruited or transferred from one place to another, they need to adapt the working environment. Otherwise they may not give their best for the organization. For the adaptation in the new work responsibilities or working place, the employees may get help from the organizational policy. On the job training is a very effective mechanism for the proper orientation of new employees. Form the collected data on various employees, we found that they are introduced to their new job by maintaining the organizational policy. Most of the employees especially who just introduced in the job, get a fresh and effective orientation from their organization as well as from the branch. Those who enter into the job as Management Trainee or Probationary officer always get 1-3 years probationary period with training to adapt and learn much about their job responsibilities and organizational rule. Training is a hallmark of good management, and a task manager ignore at their peril. Having high potential employees does not guarantee they will succeed. Instead, they must know what the management want them to do and how to do that. If they don’t know, they will do the job in their own way, not according to the management’s preference. Therefore, effective training is essential for the improvement of both the employee and the organization. Employee motivation is one of the most important aspects of organizational behavior. The productivity and the performance of the employees largely depend on motivation. Motivation is the force that makes one do things: this is a result of one’s individual needs being satisfied (or met) so that s/he has inspiration to complete the task. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated people are, it may further determine the effort they put into their work and therefore increase the standard of the output. There are various health and safety laws existing in Bangladesh. But these are mainly applicable for the industries where hazardous equipments are used. But in banks there is no hazardous equipment or The EEOC will take action if the below two situation arise †¢ To fail or refuse to hire or to discharge an individuals or discriminate against any individual with respect to his or her compensation ,terms , condition or privilege of employment , because of such individuals race, color , religion, gender or national origin. †¢ To limit ,segregate or classify his or her employees or applicant for employment in any way that would deprived or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunity or adversely affect his or her status as an employee race, color , religion, gender or national origin. In Bangladesh it is found that most of the employees are satisfied with the prevailing strategic process and procedure of the bank. They feel that the HR department is playing a vital play in employee advocacy role. They also believe that the recruitment and selection policy is fair enough to choose the competent employees for the organization. The orientation process and training facility excising in the organization is proper for achieving the strategic goals of the banks. The pay package and benefit package is  © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research nstrument is used. So there are fewer requirements for marinating rigorous health and safety measure. However, banks are prepared for any fire related accident and mere illness of the employees. They keep fire extinguishers in their office and first aid facilities is also available The most prominent HR manager can take to ensure their strategic contribution to develop measurement system. To increase the moral of employees, the HR manager first knows the importance of particular work and importance of employee’s hundred percentage contribution to the work. On the basis of the judgment HR manger first identify the task of the specific employee’s task, according to the job pattern train up the employee, provide all the equipment to perform the task and try to develop ethics to the employee and lastly give motivation to perform the work 107 properly. Every employee gives a vast knowledge how they create value for the organization through their work and help to achieve the organizational goal. When the employees know that how much important to perform the work properly, automatically it help to increase the moral of employees. Equal Employment Opportunity means employer cannot discriminate on the basis of race color religion gender or national origin with respect to employment. There are EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) authorities who monitor the discrimination complain. They make the judgment through the law of the country. Volume XII Issue II Version I F ebruary 2012 Ongoing Corporate Human Resource Management Practice in Banking sector of Bangladesh F ebruary 2012 also at a satisfactory level. To fulfill the strategic objective and goals, the working environment and employee treatment should be well defined and it must have to be implemented properly. But in case of placing right people in the right place, the opinion varies among the employees. Some of them think that they are not placed in the exact position for what they are appropriate for. In some of the cases like employment rule, equal employment situation a considerable portion of the bankers are not sure about then policy practiced. HRIS is needed to improve the productivity and performance of the human resource department, but in all of the beaches HRIS is not practiced in detail. III. Conclusion 108 HRM practices are crucial for every organization for the proper management for all activities in an organization. As the activities are done through the human asset of the organization, therefore the management should be very much cautious to formulate and implement the HR policy for their organization that could satisfy and inspire the employee to meet the organizational goal. It has been disclosed that the present practices of strategic HRM are in satisfactory level with some little variation. Therefore, the management should continue their present practice and take initiative to resolve this problem. This industry is growing rapidly and to sustain this growth, effective and timely policy should be taken.